Role of the Nations in Spanish Empire

The Earth is full of different resources, such as territory, soil, fossils, and other material is hidden deep down in the ground. Wars directed towards conquering new bulks of the ground have always been an inseparable part of people lives. Since the beginning of humanity, humans were fighting for the best soil, ponds, greenery, and others. Personality clashes often happened in previous centuries. The desire to own more land at all cost is the deadliest thing that ever happened to people. Officials played with people lives in the previous centuries, when people were afraid to raise their voice and withstand their regimes, but nowadays such behavior impresses in the bad meaning. The primitive people got their estates by means of war, the present situation in most countries still the same. Government is not able to regulate that primeval process of obtaining new lands. 

The Spanish colonies are a group of Spanish properties of North and South America, South-East Asia, Africa’s part in the Pacific ocean. Spanish Empire had these lands at the end of the 15-20 centuries. The creation of the Spanish Empire is connected with the discovery of the new lands. Christopher Columbus, who was exploring Antillia Island, in some way, started the Spanish colonization. In the first half of the 16th century, Spanish troops were fighting with the local population, the succeeded in conquering of the new land. At the end of the 15-16 centuries, with the expansion of the territory of North Africa Spain was in Africa. At the end of the 16-17 centuries, Spanish Empire got the Philippines, Mariana, and Caroline islands and in the middle of the 19th century, Spain attempted to conquer North Africa. That caused the Spanish-Moroccan War. 

During the colonial expansion, the Spanish monopoly on household resources was only becoming stricter. Encomienda was the form of the dependence of the colonial population of the colonies.  This thing was one of the most common ways of conquering new lands and ruling the economy. As it always happened in the wartime, the thoughts and problems of folks that always lived on the territory were not heard. They did not even have the right to use their lands without permission; they got this opportunity working long hours. People who were made to work for Spaniards were count in millions, Indians, African slaves. Every land has its peculiarities and according to this, every land had its own slaves. They were different on all of the parts of the colonies, in the same way forming new identities. The Indians were separated into 3 groups: noblemen, commoners, and the third type, people dependent on a nobleman. These type of people were the easiest type to command and use as slaves.

Fifty years after the Spaniards invasion, the lands they got were fertile, but with the land, they had to get acquainted with the local Indian Andean elite. The connection between Spaniards and folks was not successful, so colonizers decided to pay more attention to the locals. The Indian elite was made of kurakas – political and administrative heads of the community, and people close to them. At early stages of conquering this group of people was useful for Spanish officials . With the elite’s help, Spaniards were communicating with the rest of the society. The law and rules that Andean elite provided were the perfect tools for ruling regular people. When the government of invaded territory knew about the culture that came to their lands, the calm people’s life came to the end. Local elite, for Europeans, were both helpful and dangerous. At the same time, Indians who wanted to change their culture origin were not treated well. 

The economy was dependent on the forced labor of the African slaves, with this change Indian slaves were less needed. Indians did not have a big desire to work for Iberian that made Spaniards make an obligatory work. Indians were part of the monetized economy. Names of this forced labor varied dependent on the territory, the most known is encomienda. This was a bit better than African slavery, but at the same time, people were treated as nothing. Only 506 encomedors were in 1521. In Espanola and Cube Indians were sent to mine as Africans. In the early period of colonies, chattel slavery was the repressive form of slavery. In some period, Spaniards preferred regular enslavement to the encomienda. Once named “slave” Indian people were treated like them to the rest of their lives. They were sold to others and so on. The clashes between natives only made harder the Spaniard attitude towards people. Inka Empire when individuals were connected to the ayllus community. 

The ubiquitous blacks were the power that was used and treated as slaves. Nevertheless, Indians outnumbered them. The majority of the slaves was from West-Africa.   Africans were outstanding among other slaves, slavery was used in the mining industry. Officials who asked for African slaves were sure that black people are perfect for a mining job. Moreover, this work does not harm them.  

The African population was the third race that formed the labor. In some territories, their numbers were bigger than everyone else’s. Dark-skinned people were one of the nations with the highest population in America’s colonial time. Most of them were slaves. Spain and Portugal changed their policy and slaves were sent from Africa to America, without crossing the first countries. Females were rarely imported that caused the stop in the birth of new people. The mortality among African slaves astonishes, even the dreariest environment could not kill people in them. The mixture among Africans, Indians and Europeans formed the “true Hispanic nation”. 

The situation with marriage was an interesting issue, some of the marriages were restricted because couples were relatives or because one already had a legitimate partner. Population issue was diverse, some people obtained right, others vice versa were discriminated. White men did not marry African women, but other not so formal contacts were common. Africans married Indian women, such mixture among nations made 45 percent of the Spanish population. This situation declined the Indian population, while Europeans were at the same level because of a natural population and further immigration.

Living in such conditions being someone’s slaves always make people angry. Being in yanacona was a bit better than being a slave, at least the land was given to people for any of their purposes. Spaniards used Indians, who took almost every possible opportunity to work in order to pay different fees. Spaniards treated people as another tool that brings them profit. It was hard to fight with the demand of the government; Indians did everything that they could. They abandoned their homes, forgetting about their innate right to leave on this land; they chose to control their lives. Rebellions were a common practice, and Spain’s response to it was obvious – they were calming it down, imprisoning all of the rebels, rebels could also be executed. There were courts that could have protected Indians and their rights but despite this fact, they were still dependent on the Spaniards’ money. Some trials were won but the money invested in this victory was uncountable. 

When people fight for the new land they should understand the inevitability of meeting with new folks and government. In rare cases, such questions are solved peacefully and without human loses. Spanish Empire’s attitude towards their slaves was harsh but comparing it with the destiny of other African slaves it is clearly seen, that Spaniards were not severe as other conquerors.

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